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The Bic Cristal (also known as the Bic pen) is an inexpensive disposable ballpoint pen mass-produced and sold by ''Société Bic'' of Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine, France. ==Background== In 1945 after the Second World War, Marcel Bich and Edouard Buffard founded ''Société PPA'' (the French acronym standing for "pens, mechanical pencils and accessories") in Clichy, a suburb north of Paris. During the war Bich had seen a ballpoint pen manufactured in Argentina by László Bíró. Between 1949 and 1950 the Bic Cristal was designed by the ''Décolletage Plastique'' design team at ''Société PPA'' (later ''Société Bic'').〔''Phaidon Design Classics- Volume 2'', 2006 Phaidon Press Ltd. ISBN 0-7148-4399-7〕〔(''Humble Masterpieces'' ) - The Museum of Modern Art New York, April 8–September 27, 2004.〕 Bich invested in Swiss technology capable of cutting and shaping metal down to 0.01 millimetre, with the outcome a stainless steel, one millimetre sphere which allowed ink to flow freely. Bich developed a viscosity of ink which neither leaked nor clogged and under a licence from Bíró launched the Cristal in 1950.〔 Bich invested heavily in advertising, hiring poster designer Raymond Savignac. In 1953 advertising executive Pierre Guichenné advised Bich to shorten his family name to Bic as an easy-to-remember, globally adaptable tradename for the pen, which fit in with product branding trends of the post-war era.〔 Called the "Atomic pen" in France, throughout the 1950s and 1960s the Bic Cristal's ballpoint writing tip and ergonomic design helped change the worldwide market for pens from fountain pens to mostly ballpoints. In 1959 Bich brought the pen to the American market: the Bic pen was soon selling at 29 cents with the slogan "writes first time, every time." In 1965 the French ministry of education began allowing the use of ballpoint pens in classrooms. The Bic Cristal is the best selling pen in the world; the 100 billionth was sold in September 2006. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bic Cristal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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